Here are the steps I used to successfully install and run Hashcat on my VPS, running Ubuntu 17
Code:
wget http://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/irc_nas/12556/opencl_runtime_16.1.2_x64_rh_6.4.0.37.tgz
tar xf opencl_runtime_16.1.2_x64_rh_6.4.0.37.tgz
cd opencl_runtime_16.1.2_x64_rh_6.4.0.37
./install.sh
sudo apt install ocl-icd-opencl-dev
cd -
wget https://hashcat.net/files/hashcat-4.1.0.7z
apt-get install p7zip-full
7z x hashcat-4.1.0.7z
cd hashcat-4.1.0/
./hashcat64.bin -I